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Science Friday > Archives > 1998 > February > February 20, 1998:

Hour Two:
The Science of Chocolate

Now that you've eaten that Valentine's Day gift - a look at the science behind that favorite confection.

Believe it or not, the average American consumes over five pounds of chocolate each year - and we're at the low end of the scale. Ever since the Maya culture first cultivated the wonders of the cacao plant, it has been a luxury item that some people feel is essential. And when Aztec cacao was first introduced to Europe and mixed with milk and sugar, it sparked a worldwide craze that hasn't let up since.

Of course, it's not just a sweet treat. Chemists and biologists have tried to improve its qualities, either by mixing in new ingredients or by breeding a better cacao bean, the source of the essential chocolate liquor. Environmental scientists have looked at cacao planting as a potential crop for sustainable agriculture in South and Central America. And psychologists and pharmacologists have taken a long hard look at chocolate to try to explain just why so many people love it so much - to the point of addiction.

So pull up a chair, drink a mug of cocoa, and get ready for a mouth-watering mix of food and science!

SciFri Pop Quiz!
Why do some foods, like eggs, get harder when you heat them -
but others, like chocolate, get softer?
Click here for the answer!

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Guests:
Allen Young
Author, "The Chocolate Tree: A Natural History of Cacao," (Smithsonian Institution Press)
Curator of Zoology
Vice President of Collections, Research, and Public Programs
Milwaukee Public Museum
Milwaukee, WI

Dave Prybylowski
Manager of Chocolate Research
M & M Mars
Elizabethtown, PA

Russell Greenberg
Director
Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center
Washington, DC

Books/Articles Discussed:

"The Chocolate Tree: A Natural History of Cacao," by Allen Young. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.

(find more SciFri Books here)

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Related Links:
Candy USA, the National Confectioner's Association and Chocolate Manufacturer's Association Site
International Cocoa Organization

 

 

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